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CulturaStoria giapponese6 dicembre 1941, il giorno prima dell'inizio.

6 dicembre 1941, il giorno prima dell’inizio.

Roosevelt tenta un'ultima azione per evitare una guerra che sembra ormai decisa. Il Giappone però aveva già mosso le sue pedine sul Pacifico.

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Era domenica, quel lontano 6 dicembre del 1941. Il Presidente degli Stati Uniti, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, decide di scrivere una lettera all’Imperatore Hirohito nel tentativo di evitare la guerra. Quella guerra che il recente rifiuto giapponese alle richieste americane rendeva sempre più vicina e reale. “Per prevenire ulteriori morti e distruzione in tutto il mondo”, questa la motivazione principe del messaggio.

Il Presidente americano aveva una flebile speranza che il suo messaggio potesse avere successo così da prolungare il rapporto pacifico tra USA e Giappone. “This son of man has just sent his final message to the son of God” disse sarcastico Roosevelt, rivolgendosi ai suoi commensali. Quello che non sapeva, però, era che, in quello stesso momento, la flotta imperiale si trovava già in mezzo al Pacifico e si muoveva in direzione Pearl Harbor. I servizi segreti americani lo avevano erroneamente informato che la flotta giapponese stesse muovendo verso la Thailandia e questo gli assicurava una relativa tranquillità.

Alle ore 21 il telegramma (n° 818) viene spedito all’Ambasciatore americano in Giappone, Joseph Clark Grew, con allegate tutte le istruzioni per una corretta comunicazione del messaggio all’Imperatore. Unica condizione: “farlo il più presto possibile”. Il telegramma informava, inoltre, il diplomatico che la “lettera di Roosevelt” era già nota alla stampa americana.

Di seguito il testo completo del messaggio:

[WASHINGTON,] December 6, 1941

Almost a century ago the President of the United States addressed to the Emperor of Japan a message extending an offer of friendship of the people of the United States to the people of Japan. That offer was accepted, and in the long period of unbroken peace and friendship which has followed, our respective nations, through the virtues of their peoples and the wisdom of their rulers have prospered and have substantially helped humanity.

Only in situations of extraordinary importance to our two countries need I address to Your Majesty messages on matters of state. I feel I should now so address you because of the deep and far-reaching emergency which appears to be in formation.

Developments are occurring in the Pacific area which threaten to deprive each of our nations and all humanity of the beneficial influence of the long peace between our two countries. These developments contain tragic possibilities.

The people of the United States, believing in peace and in the right of nations to live and let lives have eagerly watched the conversations between our two Governments during these past months. We have hoped for a termination of the present conflict between Japan and China. We have hoped that a peace of the Pacific could be consummated in such a way that nationalities of many diverse peoples could exist side by side without fear of invasion; that unbearable burdens of armaments could be lifted for them all; and that all peoples would resume commerce without discrimination against or in favor of any nation.

I am certain that it will be clear to Your Majesty, as it is to me, that in seeking these great objectives both Japan and the United States should agree to eliminate any form of military threat. This seemed essential to the attainment of the high objectives.

More than a year ago Your Majesty’s Government concluded an agreement with the Vichy Government by which five or six thousand Japanese troops were permitted to enter into Northern French Indochina for the protection of Japanese troops which were operating against China further north. And this Spring and Summer the Vichy Government permitted further Japanese military forces to enter into Southern French Indochina for the common defense of French Indochina. I think I am correct in saying that no attack has been made upon Indochina, nor that any has been contemplated.

During the past few weeks it has become clear to the world that Japanese military, naval and air forces have been sent to Southern Indo-China in such large numbers as to create a reasonable doubt on the part of other nations that this continuing concentration in Indochina is not defensive in its character.
Because these continuing concentrations in Indo-China have reached such large proportions and because they extend now to the southeast and the southwest corners of that Peninsula, it is only reasonable that the people of the Philippines, of the hundreds of Islands of the East Indies, of Malaya and of Thailand itself are asking themselves whether these forces of Japan are preparing or intending to make attack in one or more of these many directions.

I am sure that Your Majesty will understand that the fear of all these peoples is a legitimate fear in as much as it involves their peace and their national existence. I am sure that Your Majesty will understand why the people of the United States in such large numbers look askance at the establishment of military, naval and air bases manned and equipped so greatly as to constitute armed forces capable of measures of offense.

It is clear that a continuance of such a situation is unthinkable. None of the peoples whom have spoken of above can sit either indefinitely or permanently on a keg of dynamite.

There is absolutely no thought on the part of the United States of invading Indo-China if every Japanese soldier or sailor were to be withdrawn therefrom.
I think that we can obtain the same assurance from the Governments of the East Indies, the Governments of Malaya and. the Government of Thailand. I would even undertake to ask for the same assurance on the part of the Government of China. Thus a withdrawal of the Japanese forces from Indo-China would result in the assurance of peace throughout the whole of the South Pacific area.

I address myself to Your Majesty at this moment in the fervent hope that Your Majesty may, as I am doing, give thought in this definite emergency to ways of dispelling the dark clouds. I am confident that both of us, for the sake of the peoples not only of our own great countries but for the sake of humanity in neighboring territories, have a sacred duty to restore traditional amity and prevent further death and destruction in the world.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

6 dicembre 1941, il giorno prima dell’inizio. ultima modifica: 2017-12-06T10:24:25+01:00 da Francesco D'Andrea
Francesco D'Andrea
Francesco D'Andrea
Giornalista con il Giappone nel cuore. Laureato in Lingue e Civiltà Orientali a "La Sapienza Università di Roma". Iscritto al corso di lingua giapponese dell'Istituto di Cultura giapponese di Roma. Gestisco, su Facebook, una pagina completamente dedicata alla Storia del Giappone. Amo il Giappone, la sua storia, la sua cultura e la sua cucina (ramen dipendente).

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